– Federal Shariat Court). [14][18][19], During the reign of Mubarak Al-Sabah, Kuwait was dubbed the "Marseilles of the Gulf" because its economic vitality attracted a large variety of people. [29] Kuwait University was established in 1966. [143] Well known Pakistani sportsperson-politician Imran Khan (now the Prime minister) had condemned the forced conversions threat as un-Islamic. Under the FCR, people in the tribal areas were explicitly denied their right to appeal their detention, the right to legal representation, and their right to present evidence in their defence – sanctioning a wide-ranging series of human rights violations. After a series of failed diplomatic negotiations, the United States led a coalition to remove the Iraqi forces from Kuwait, in what became known as the Gulf War. At the time of the arrival of the Utubs, Kuwait was inhabited by a few fishermen and primarily functioned as a fishing village. [62], Kuwaiti soap operas (المسلسلات الكويتية) are among the most-watched soap operas in the Arab world. [33][34] Kuwait was a haven for writers and journalists from all parts of the Middle East. [241] O Al Ahly é o clube de maior sucesso do século XX no continente africano, de acordo com a Confederação Africana de Futebol, seguido de perto por seu rival Zamalek SC. Journalists face widespread threats and violence, making Pakistan one of the worst countries to be a journalist in, with 61 being killed since September 2001 and at least 6 murdered in 2013 alone. Pakistani Christians have alleged that they have "become increasingly victimised since the launch of the US-led international war on terror. [17] The majority of victims of violence have no legal recourse. As a result of the police trying to stop the rally, 100 people were injured. [108][109] In January 2014, a policeman standing guard outside a Hindu temple at Peshawar was gunned down. [116], Pakistan's citizens have had serious Shia-Sunni discord. Upon the death of the Emir Jaber, in January 2006, Saad Al-Sabah succeeded him but was removed nine days later by the Kuwaiti parliament due to his ailing health. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. A mob of two thousand Muslims torched over 200 homes and two churches. Get the latest international news and world events from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and more. Loads of Cum 227K. [69], Founder of Aware Girls, Gulalai Ismail, was threatened with death by the Inter-Services Intelligence after she joined the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement and protested against enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings by the Pakistani state. [61] The Arabic theatrical movement in Kuwait constitutes a major part of the country's Arabic cultural life. In general freedom of the press is allowed but any reports critical of the government policy or critical of the military are censored. [42] By the mid-1980s, Kuwait was described as an autocracy. [26] In June 1961, Kuwait became independent with the end of the British protectorate and the sheikh Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah became an Emir. [22][23][24][25] In 1950, a major public-work programme began to enable Kuwaitis to enjoy a modern standard of living. [4][6] The East India Company was diverted to Kuwait in 1792. In spite of these difficulties, the press publishes freely on other matters, although journalists often exercise self-restraint in their writing to avoid inuring the wrath of the government or military. In 1716, the Bani Utubs settled in Kuwait. [48] It has nine islands, all of which, with the exception of Failaka Island, are uninhabited. [153] Others have been less fortunate with one bride actually being abducted with the help of the police. [8], Kuwait was the center of boat building in the Persian Gulf region. An Ahmadi can be easily charged for profession of his faith or for ‘posing’ as a Muslim. [21] Western visitors noted that the Kuwaiti elite used European office systems, typewriters and followed European culture with curiosity. However these clauses are not respected in practice. [59] The Kuwait Stock Exchange is the second-largest stock exchange in the Arab world. The Kuwaiti dinar is the highest-valued currency unit in the world. [64] Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute argue that aid agencies face dilemmas with engaging with the government, as this does not always produce the desired results and can conflict with their aim of promoting stability and maintaining a principled approach. [150] Please read the, Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities, Ethnic killing of Punjabis in Balochistan, Silencing of human rights abuses in Balochistan, Intolerance against Hindus and other minorities, discrimination against religious minorities in Pakistan, Human Rights in Pakistan under General Zia-ul-Haq, Campaign for Innocent Victims in Conflict, Asian Human Rights Development Organization, "Religions: Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other", "Timeline: Persecution of religious minorities", "490 soldiers, 3,500 militants killed in Operation Zarb-e-Azb so far: DG ISPR - The Express Tribune", "Lashkar-i-Jhangvi chief Malik Ishaq, two sons killed in Muzaffargarh 'encounter, "Pakistani to hang for 'blasphemy' murder", "Govt to change law and severely punish accusers who falsely allege blasphemy, IHC told", "Pakistan: Election Commission Not Impartial – Human Rights Watch", "May 11 elections: A year after polls, tribunals wade through complaints", "Pakistan's government plays second fiddle to the army", "Getting the Military Out of Pakistani Politics", "Punjab Assembly passes Protection of Women Against Violence Bill", "UNPO: Sindh: New Laws Aim to Enhance Protection of Women", "Pakistan: Woman journalist killed for not quitting job", "Pakistan and Mexico worst places for journalists: Columbia Dean", "Media freedom in Pakistan: Assailed from all sides – The Economist", "Pakistani TV news channel ordered off air after criticising spy agency", "Intimidated journalists in Pakistan cannot exercise press freedom", President Zardari signs bill to establish human rights commission, "Pakistan: Historic rights advances for tribal areas and transgender people", "NA 154 voters verification: Termite infestation ruins most ballots – Pakistan – Dunya News", "Foreign Policy Centre: Articles and Briefings / Pakistan's government plays second fiddle to the army", "No control over operations of Army, ISI: govt", "The 2012 Failed States Index – Interactive Map and Rankings", "Hamid Mir undergoes successful operation after being shot – PAKISTAN – geo.tv", "Pakistani TV journalist Hamid Mir shot at in Karachi, out of danger", "Hamid Mir defiant, still holds ISI responsible for attack", "Why calls for independence are getting louder in Pakistani Kashmir", "Pakistan: Status of Women & the Women's Movement", "The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan", "The Peshawar women fighting the Taliban: 'We cannot trust anyone, "From where I stand: "Peace is not an overnight miracle. Ønsker du å gi tilgang til TU/digi Ekstra til dine ansatte? [64] Before military operations are undertaken, little preparation is made for the predictable increase in displaced peoples in order to avoid attracting the attention of opposing forces. On May 7, 2014 Rashid Rahman, a lawyer representing a university professor, This page was last edited on 20 January 2021, at 04:54. The Iraqi poet Ahmed Matar left Iraq in the 1970s to take refuge in the more liberal environment of Kuwait. [7], Sunni militant groups operate with impunity across Pakistan, as law enforcement officials either turn a blind eye or appear helpless to prevent widespread attacks against religious minorities. [12], Although Pakistan was created to uphold the principles of democracy, military coups in Pakistan are commonplace, and for most of its history after independence has been ruled by military dictators who declare themselves president. Throughout the 1980s, there were several terror attacks in Kuwait, including the 1983 Kuwait bombings, hijacking of several Kuwait Airways planes and attempted assassination of Emir Jaber in 1985. [27][28][29] Kuwait was the pioneer in the Middle East in diversifying its earnings away from oil exports. [29] Kuwait's theatre industry was well-known throughout the Arab world. Violence by drug lords and sectarian militias claims numerous innocent lives, discrimination and violence against women are widespread, human trafficking is problematic, and debt slavery and bonded labor persist. [8][13][14] Additionally the Government of Pakistan has itself admitted on several occasions that it has absolutely no control over the Military of Pakistan and related security agencies. [104], The rise of Taliban insurgency in Pakistan has been an influential and increasing factor in the persecution of and discrimination against religious minorities in Pakistan, such as Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, and other minorities. [42] At that time, the most serious threat to the continuity of Al Sabah came from home-grown secular democrats. [102] In the aftermath of the Babri Masjid demolition Pakistani Hindus faced riots. [21] The merchant families of Al-Ghanim and Al-Hamad were estimated to be worth millions before the 1940s.[21]. [72], Several minority Muslim communities, such as the Ahmadiyya have been attacked in pogroms in Pakistan over the years. The attacks are generally attributed to banned militant organizations of Deobandi or Ahl-e-Hadith (Salafi) backgrounds. redaksjonen@tu.no – Redaktør, nyhetssjefer, desk og grafikk // faktura@tu.no – Alle fakturaer skal sendes hit. [50] The land area is considered arable[48] and sparse vegetation is found along its 499-kilometre-long (310 mi) coastline. [9][10] During the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, ship vessels made in Kuwait carried the bulk of trade between the ports of India, East Africa and the Red Sea. Sabah Al-Sabah was sworn in as Emir. On July 28, 1994, Amnesty International urged Pakistan's Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto to change the law because it was being used to terrorize religious minorities. In winter, nighttime temperatures frequently drop below 8 °C (46 °F). [64] Political and military interests have been prioritized over humanitarian considerations in the offensives against the Taliban, and issues are likely to get worse as people are encouraged back home prematurely and often face once again being victims of the Taliban terrorists. Though Print Media & TV Channels in Pakistan had usually been reeling under the curbs imposed by the Military Rulers, but this year, a new era of curbs on media in Pakistan has ushered in. The parliament was dissolved in December 2011 due to protests against the parliament. [64], There is little support for those living outside of camps, official support consists only of some food and non-food items and government cash grants. [64], There were over 500,000 people displaced in 2008 mainly from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) on the border with Afghanistan, and a further 1.4 million from Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in May 2009. [30] The Kuwait Investment Authority is the world's first sovereign wealth fund. One prominent example is honor killings (“karo kari”), which are believed to have accounted for more than 4,000 deaths from 1998 to 2003. Saudi-Arabia, Iran, Irak, Kuwait ja Arabiemiraatit tuottivat neljäsosan maailman öljystä vuonna 2005. [128] With thousands more being killed since then as the violence has only gotten much worse. The ordinance was a green signal for anti-Ahmadiyya elements to open the floodgates of tyranny with the help of the State. "[8] In 2002 women's rights activists Saba and Gulalai Ismail founded Aware Girls, a grassroots women's rights initiative to empower women and girls against domestic and terrorist violence based in Peshawar. [2][3] By the mid 1700s, Kuwait had already established itself as the major trading route from the Persian Gulf to Aleppo. In 2001, Pervaiz Masih, Head Master of a Christian High School in Sialkot was arrested on false blasphemy charges by the owner of another school in the vicinity. Nonetheless, religious violence and intimidation, as well as periodic charges of blasphemy, have occurred. "[54] Honour killings are supposed to be prosecuted as ordinary murder, but in practice, police and prosecutors often ignore it. In response to rising sectarian and religious violence, the Pakistani government has unveiled several high-profile efforts to reduce tension and support religious pluralism, giving new authority to the National Commission for Minorities and creating a Minister for Minority Affairs post. It has nine islands, all of which, with the exception of Failaka Island, are uninhabited. [70], As of 2018, the Pakistani state was using Islamist militants to crush Balochi separatists. [30], Religious minorities were prevented from voting for Muslim candidates after Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization and non-Muslims are restricted in the posts they may contest for, with several of the higher posts being unavailable to them. [118], Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization that followed was resisted by Shia who saw it as "Sunnification" as the laws and regulations were based on Sunni fiqh. 298-B. General Zia, the military dictator of Pakistan, went many steps further in 1984, when to gain the support of Islamic fundamentalists in Pakistan, he promulgated the anti-Ahmadiyya Ordinance XX that added Sections 298-B and 298-C in Pakistan Criminal Code.[74][75]. Blasphemy laws remain in force and are disproportionately used against religious minorities. Elections in Pakistan although being partially free, are rife with irregularities including but not limited to vote rigging, use of threats and coercion, discrimination between Muslim and non-Muslim and many other violations. [64], Yet the success of this approach is by no means clear, as both the government and society at large are not welcoming of foreign interference. [63] Theatre activities are still popular today. [71] Academics and journalists in the United States have been approached by Inter-Services Intelligence spies, who threatened them not to speak about the insurgency in Balochistan, as well as human rights abuses by the Pakistani Army or else their family would be harmed. [56] Shahnaz Bukhari has said of such attacks, Either Pakistan is home to possessed stoves which burn only young housewives, and are particularly fond of genitalia, or looking at the frequency with which these incidences occur there is a grim pattern that these women are victims of deliberate murder[56], According to the Progressive Women's Association such attacks are a growing problem and in 1994 on International Women's Day announced that various NGO's would join to raise awareness of the issue.[57]. Ayub Masih, a Christian, was convicted of blasphemy and sentenced to death in 1998. [45] During the Iraqi occupation, more than 1,000 Kuwaiti civilians were killed. 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