It is associated with the huge immigration from Eritrea and Ethiopia, and to a lesser extent from Central and Eastern European and Middle Eastern countries. Strong authors were inspired who became recognised first in Scandinavia, and then worldwide; among them were Henrik Wergeland, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Jørgen Moe and Camilla Collett. The thing meeting places, each eventually with a hörgr (open-air sanctuary) or a heathen hof (temple; literally "hill"), were usually situated on the oldest and best farms, which belonged to the chieftains and wealthiest farmers. Investment in new infrastructure and maintenance is financed through the state budget,[192] and subsidies are provided for passenger train operations. Oslo then served as the nation's capital for more than two centuries, until the era of the Denmark-Norway union. [70] Queen Margaret knew that her power would be more secure if she were able to find a king to rule in her place. Thousands of mainly young Swedes migrated to Norway for work during these years, which is easy, as the labour market and social security systems overlap in the Nordic Countries. In just a few months, this society had a membership of 500 and was publishing its own newspaper. After Denmark–Norway was attacked by the United Kingdom at the 1807 Battle of Copenhagen, it entered into an alliance with Napoleon, with the war leading to dire conditions and mass starvation in 1812. [99] Norway includes the northernmost point on the European mainland. Located in the northwest of Oslofjord and surrounded by forested hills is, Oslo – the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Norway. Jens Stoltenberg, the leader of the Labour Party, continued to have the necessary majority through his multi-party alliance to continue as PM until 2013. [205] A total of 41,089,675 passengers passed through Norwegian airports in 2007, of whom 13,397,458 were international.[205]. Since the 1990s, Norway's export of black metal, a lo-fi, dark and raw form of heavy metal, has been developed by such bands as Emperor, Darkthrone, Gorgoroth, Mayhem, Burzum and Immortal. The Norwegian production team Stargate has produced songs for Rihanna, Beyoncé, Shakira, Jennifer Lopez and Lionel Richie, among others. Norway is considered to be one of the most developed democracies and states of justice in the world. The position of prime minister, Norway's head of government, is allocated to the member of Parliament who can obtain the confidence of a majority in Parliament, usually the current leader of the largest political party or, more effectively, through a coalition of parties. Russian, Japanese, Italian, Latin, and rarely Chinese (Mandarin) are offered in some schools, mostly in the cities. Members of religious and life stance communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/life stance. Now Norway has to find a new way to provide these essential products without exerting negative influence on its environment.[171]. Life in Norway (especially economic life) was "dominated by the aristocracy of professional men who filled most of the important posts in the central government". [30][31] Among other arguments in favour of the theory, it is pointed out that the word has a long vowel in Skaldic poetry and is not attested with <ð> in any native Norse texts or inscriptions (the earliest runic attestations have the spellings nuruiak and nuriki). [102] The four tiers of road routes are national, county, municipal and private, with national and primary county roads numbered en route. The fjords, mountains and waterfalls in Western and Northern Norway attract several hundred thousand foreign tourists each year. [289] Some quirky Norwegian speciality is rakefisk, which is a fermented trout, consumed with thin flatbread (flatbrød, not lefse) and sour cream. 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