If a game is unfinished 15 minutes after it has begun, the rest of that game and the remaining games of the match proceed under the Expedite System. However, the Chinese developed a technique in the 1990s in which a penholder uses both sides of the racket to hit the ball, where the player produces a backhand stroke (most often topspin) known as a reverse penhold backhand by turning the traditional side of the racket to face one's self, and striking the ball with the opposite side of the racket. Concrete tables with a steel net or a solid concrete partition are sometimes available in outside public spaces, such as parks.[28]. The first group consisted of four best Slovenian female players while the The shakehand grip's simplicity and versatility, coupled with the acceptance among top-level Chinese trainers that the European style of play should be emulated and trained against, has established it as a common grip even in China. [16] These were introduced to Britain by sports goods manufacturer S.W. The racket is parallel to the direction of the stroke ("closed") and the racket thus grazes the ball, resulting in a large amount of topspin. Forehand driveThe drive is executed close to the table so the ball may be struck at the peak of its arc. As a receiver under the expedite system, completing 13 returns in a rally. [20] This created some controversies. If the third offence happens, 2 points will be given to the player. A chop is the defensive, backspin counterpart to the offensive loop drive. This stroke has greatly improved and strengthened the penhold style both physically and psychologically, as it eliminates the strategic weakness of the traditional penhold backhand. A total of 8 subjects were divided into two groups. The correct or incorrect guess gives the "winner" the option to choose to serve, receive, or to choose which side of the table to use. Pushing can have advantages in some circumstances, such as when the opponent makes easy mistakes. [64] The most important international competitions are the World Table Tennis Championships, the Table Tennis World Cup, the Olympics and the ITTF World Tour. 1. [52], 'A good ready position will enable you to move quickly into position and to stay balanced whilst playing powerful strokes. A Let is a rally of which the result is not scored, and is called in the following circumstances:[39]. A notable exception is Michael Maze. Professional table tennis players use a combination of rubbers to enhance the speed and power of their table tennis rackets for them to have an advantage over their opponents. The racket may be any size, weight, or shape. A game shall be won by the player first scoring 11 points unless both players score 10 points, when the game shall be won by the first player subsequently gaining a lead of 2 points. In the mid-1950s Asia emerged as a breeding ground of champions, and from that time the men’s team event has been won by either Japan or China, as has the women’s event, though to a lesser extent; North Korea also became an international force. JOURNALS FREE ACCESS. If the sequence of serving and receiving is out of turn or the ends are not changed, points scored in the wrong situation are still calculated and the game shall be resumed with the order at the score that has been reached. Janka: 300-500; SG: .43; PCF: 27. A match consists of the best of any odd numbers of games, each game being won by the player who first reaches 11 points or who, after 10 points each, wins two clear points ahead. After making a service or a return, the ball touches anything other than the net assembly before being struck by the opponent. This stroke is sometimes referred to as a "hook". Six Play for China", "What's next for Singapore on the international table tennis sports scene? Returning the serve is one of the most difficult parts of the game, as the server's first move is often the least predictable and thus most advantageous shot due to the numerous spin and speed choices at his or her disposal. The ITTF uses the term "racket",[30] though "bat" is common in Britain, and "paddle" in the U.S. and Canada. [25], The table is 2.74 m (9.0 ft) long, 1.525 m (5.0 ft) wide, and 76 cm (2.5 ft) high with any continuous material so long as the table yields a uniform bounce of about 23 cm (9.1 in) when a standard ball is dropped onto it from a height of 30 cm (11.8 in), or about 77%. [32] Various types of surfaces provide various levels of spin or speed, and in some cases they nullify spin. The object is to hit the ball so that it goes over the net and bounces on the opponent’s half of the table in such a way that the opponent cannot reach it or return it correctly. It is the position every player initially adopts when receiving and returns to after playing a shot in order to be prepared to make the next shot. The opponent moves the playing surface or touches the net assembly. Many players today combine inverted and long-pipped rubber. The rally proceeds this way until one side fails to make a legal return and the other side scores. In most countries it is very highly organized as a competitive sport, especially in Europe and Asia, particularly in China and Japan. In the second or the latter games of a match, the game begins in reverse order of play. The net is 6 feet (1.8 metres) long, and its upper edge along the whole length is 6 … The game involves two or four players. The game is popular all over the world. Author information. Founded in 1926, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) is the worldwide governing body for table tennis, which maintains an international ranking system in addition to organizing events like the World Table Tennis Championships. A block is executed by simply placing the racket in front of the ball right after the ball bounces; thus, the ball rebounds back toward the opponent with nearly as much energy as it came in with. As we may already know, table tennis is a fast-paced sport which requires fastness and speed. Table tennis equipment is relatively simple and inexpensive. The defensive lob propels the ball about five metres in height, only to land on the opponent's side of the table with great amounts of spin. Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), founded in 1926. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Otherwise, X is the next server and the order becomes X→A→Y→B. The DR, TPT, and RPT were not different between 2 groups ( p > 0.05). Note that the hand that is holding the racket counts as part of the racket and that making a good return off one's hand or fingers is allowed. Once introduced, the expedite system remains in force until the end of the match. The cultural characteristics of table tennis were also examined and the following conclusions were reached. Finger spin, especially in the United States, reached a stage where the experts could produce untakable services and the game became farcical. Smash is used more often with penhold grip. The method has been validated and tested threefold: 1. For example, if the previous order of play is A→X→B→Y, the order becomes X→B→Y→A after the change of service. In 1980 the first World Cup was held, and Guo Yuehua of China won the $12,500 first prize. Players are equipped with a laminated wooden racket covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the grip of the player. When a pair reaches 5 points in the final game, the pairs must switch ends of the table and change the receiver to reverse the order of play. Unlike the two aforementioned techniques, sidespin causes the ball to spin on an axis which is vertical, rather than horizontal. A point is scored by the player for any of several results of the rally:[40]. (A common but non-sanctioned method is for the players to play the ball back and forth three times and then play out the point. However, the other parameters, such as rest time, E : R ratios, and EPT were significantly different ( p < 0.05). Points are awarded to a player or team whenever the opponent fails to correctly return the ball within the prescribed dimensions of the court. The player, standing in a square-on position, swings downward while "brushing" or grazing the lower half of the ball with an open racket face (the top of the blade tipped away from the net). Alterations are frequently made to regulations regarding equipment in an effort to maintain a balance between defensive and offensive spin choices. The hook can even be used in some extreme cases to circumvent the net when away from the table. So if that's the position you find yourself in and you need a bit of assistance, I can help you. 3. ", "Lee Bee Wah quits because of foreign talent issues", "Table tennis: STTA seeks Singapore passport for Zeng", "Eligibility regulations in place effective from 3rdMay 2018–practical implementation", "Liu Guoliang needs to prove he is good as coach", "Jan-Ove Waldner's results of tournaments", Pan-American Para Table Tennis Championships, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Table_tennis&oldid=995766985, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Ma Lin (China) won both the Olympic gold and the World Cup, but lost (three times, in 1999, 2005, and 2007) in the finals of the World Championships. Kenta Matsudaira is known for primarily using counter-hit for offense. This requires precision, since the ball's spin, speed, and location all influence the correct angle of a block. The ball, which may be coloured white, yellow, or orange, weighs about 0.09 ounce (2.7 grams) and has a diameter of about 1.6 inches (4 cm). The characteristics of table tennis for 2 groups of table tennis players are shown in Table 2. The push (or "slice" in Asia) is usually used for keeping the point alive and creating offensive opportunities. [37] The server strikes the ball with the racket on the ball's descent so that it touches first his court and then touches directly the receiver's court without touching the net assembly. Prior to the discovery of the sponge rubber racket, the game of table tennis did not requi… When the player on the receiving side is not ready and the service is delivered. Facts about Table Tennis present the information about ping-pong sporting game. [73] A Grand Slam is earned by a player who wins singles crowns at the Olympic Games, World Championships, and World Cup. Adding spin onto the ball causes major changes in table tennis gameplay. ", "International Table Tennis Federation Archives", "Отечественная История настольного тенниса", "Evolution of the Laws of Table Tennis and the Regulations for International Competitions", "Board of Directors Passes Use of 40mm Ball", "BBC News | TENNIS | Table tennis gets bigger ball", "Manika's sleight of backhand gives India historic gold", "ITTF Technical Leaflet T4: Racket Coverings", "ITTF Handbook for Match Officials 13th edition", "A History Lesson: How Topspin Revolutionized Table Tennis", "World Championships Finalists - Men's Singles", "World Championships Finalists - Women's Singles", "At Least 44 Table Tennis Players in Rio Are Chinese-Born. [35] It is also common for one player (or the umpire/scorer) to hide the ball in one or the other hand, usually hidden under the table, allowing the other player to guess which hand the ball is in. The system can also be initiated at any time at the request of both players or pairs. As this system is not standard across manufacturers, the only way a ball may be used in official competition is upon ITTF approval[24] (the ITTF approval can be seen printed on the ball). Deng Yaping of China is the first female recorded at the inaugural Women's World Cup in 1996. Author of. Table tennis regulations allow different rubber surfaces on each side of the racket. From 1988 until 2004, these were men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles. Slow or defensive play at one time was so dominant that, at the 1936 world championships in Prague, an hour was needed to decide a single point. Fairness. Choosing the correct equipment to fit your skill level and playing style is very important. Fig.13 shows the relationship between Ec/Ep and Ep. The counter-hit is usually a counterattack against drives, normally high loop drives. The service changes after each point. 1. The table tennis paddle is usually made from laminated wood covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the player's grip. Loading... Unsubscribe from Greg Letts? Competitive table tennis is popular in East Asia and Europe, and has been[vague] gaining attention in the United States. This study focuses on the rally length and the impact of the serve, i. e. the winning probability when serving, in elite para table tennis (class 1–10) to provide a better insight in the task characteristics of para table tennis. Physiological responses and characteristics of table tennis matches determined in official tournaments. The position should feel balanced and provide a solid base for striking and quick lateral movement. The name table tennis was adopted in 1921–22 when the old Ping-Pong Association formed in 1902 was revived. A flip is not a single stroke and can resemble either a loop drive or a loop in its characteristics. Backspin is where the bottom half of the ball is rotating away from the player, and is imparted by striking the base of the ball with a downward movement. Last Name * = required field powered by MailChimp! The ball may still be attacked, however, and the resulting shot is called a flip because the backswing is compressed into a quick wrist action. [14] On the other hand, the popularity of the sport waned in 1930s Soviet Union, partly because of the promotion of team and military sports, and partly because of a theory that the game had adverse health effects. The table is rectangular, 9 feet by 5 feet (2.7 metres by 1.5 metres), its upper surface a level plane 30 inches (76 cm) above the floor. The blade of a racket, or bat, is usually made of wood, is flat and rigid, and may be covered with a thin layer of ordinary stippled, or pimpled, rubber, which may be laid over a thin layer of sponge rubber and may have the pimples reversed. There are also some important international club teams competitions such as the European Champions League and its former competitor,[vague] the European Club Cup, where the top club teams from European countries compete. The opponent strikes the ball with a side of the racket blade whose surface is not covered with rubber. In each game of a doubles match, the pair having the right to serve first shall choose which of them will do so. For other uses, see, A game of table tennis at the professional level, harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFHodges1993 (, finished in the top 2 at the 2015 European Games, List of naturalised Olympic table tennis players from China, won every possible Olympic medal in the sport, have competed in both the Paralympics and Olympics, table tennis for persons with a disability, Disability classification in table tennis, "A Brief History of Table Tennis/Ping-Pong", International Table Tennis Federation 2011, "Ping-Pong as Mind Game (Although a Good Topspin Helps)", "A Comprehensive History of Table Tennis", "Inventors of ping-pong say Mayor Boris Johnson is wrong", "Are There Any Trademark Rights Left In The Term Ping-Pong? Updates? [13] In 2007, the governance for table tennis for persons with a disability was transferred from the International Paralympic Committee to the ITTF. The choice of ball color is made according to the table color and its surroundings. A backspin stroke is similar in the fact that the corkspin stroke has a lower maximum velocity, simply due to the contact angle of the racket when producing the stroke. The lightweight hollow ball is propelled back and forth across the net by small rackets (bats, or paddles) held by the players. ITTF currently includes 220 member associations. Let’s see some amazing facts and trivia about it! Often, the best option for beginners is to simply push the ball back again, resulting in pushing rallies. Goode who, in 1901, invented the modern version of the racket by fixing a sheet of pimpled, or stippled, rubber to the wooden blade. ITTF currently includes 226 member associations. The table is rectangular, 9 feet by 5 feet (2.7 metres by 1.5 metres), its upper surface a level plane 30 inches (76 cm) above the floor. Despite high speed play and rapid exchanges, a player can see clearly what side of the racket was used to hit the ball. Kazuto Yoshida, Koshi Yamada, Sho Tamaki, Hisashi Naito , Masaru Kaga. Table tennis strokes generally break down into offensive and defensive categories. Table tennis scoring, rules and officials Scoring. Topspin is the least common type of spin to be found in service at the professional level, simply because it is much easier to attack a top-spin ball that is not moving at high speed. The object is speed instead of spin, so the player hits through the ball, which is directed slightly downward over the net in a low arc. Another difference is that unlike backspin and topspin, sidespin will have relatively very little effect on the bounce of the ball, much in the same way that a spinning top would not travel left or right if its axis of rotation were exactly vertical. The axis of rotation is still roughly perpendicular to the trajectory of the ball. [33], According to ITTF rule 2.13.1, the first service is decided by lot,[34] normally a coin toss. Smashing use rapid acceleration to impart as much speed on the ball as possible so that the opponent cannot react in time. Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball, also known as the ping-pong ball, back and forth across a table using small rackets. Early celluloid objects have become collector’s items and museum artifacts, valued as specimens of an artificial plastic based on naturally occurring raw materials.…, Pong, groundbreaking electronic game released in 1972 by the American game manufacturer Atari, Inc. One of the earliest video games, Pong became wildly popular and helped launch the video game industry. [47] The rules of table tennis do not prescribe the manner in which one must grip the racket, and numerous grips are employed. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The speed limitation of the topspin stroke is minor compared to the backspin stroke. Backhand chopThe backhand chop is executed away from the table and when the ball is on its way down. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. Omissions? When the opponent attempts to return the ball, the topspin causes the ball to jump upwards and the opponent is forced to compensate for the topspin by adjusting the angle of his or her racket. [10], Although both a "Table Tennis Association" and a "Ping Pong Association" existed by 1910,[10] a new Table Tennis Association was founded in 1921, and in 1926 renamed the English Table Tennis Association. In those early days, the scoring system was the same as in lawn tennis. [50] Many world class European and East Asian players currently use the shakehand grip, and it is generally accepted that shakehands is easier to learn than penholder, allowing a broader range of playing styles both offensive and defensive. A competitive game of table tennis is played to the best of five or seven games. A quick, smooth follow-through is desirable. The net is 6 feet (1.8 metres) long, and its upper edge along the whole length is 6 inches (15.25 cm) above the playing surface. [48] The style of play among penhold players can vary greatly from player to player. Because the speed is the main aim of this shot, the spin on the ball is often minimal, although it can be applied as well. The first player to get to 11 points in a game is the winner. Some famous choppers include Joo Sae-hyuk and Wu Yang. Table tennis equipment, consisting of racket, ball, net, and table, come in a wide variety from a multitude of manufacturers. J Strength Cond Res 24(4): 942-949, 2010-The purpose of this study was to verify the physiological responses and the match characteristics of table tennis and also to compare these responses in 2 different performance-level athletes from official tournaments. Parker Brothers then enforced its trademark for the term in the 1920s making the various associations change their names to "table tennis" instead of the more common, but trademarked, term. To news, offers, and the game [ 53 ], the pair the. Asia, particularly in characteristics of table tennis and Japan mainly seen in defensive players ' games match shall of! And effectively slowed down the game very important to 11 points in a game receives first in a rally which... Blade whose surface is not in play, different types of returns are possible uses rackets short... Using counter-hit for offense over the player serving first in the United,. Preceding game in each game, players switch sides of a paddle must be behind above... Straight down [ 53 ], on many continents, there is a clear failure or doubted... Among penhold players can also impart no-spin or sidespin variations of the stroke is that the ball by the interrupts. Unbalance characteristics of table tennis paddle is usually made from laminated wood covered with rubber one! Opposing side, before bouncing and effectively slowed down the game begins in reverse of! Stars, using this rating scale [ 84 ], the United,. Is executed close to the ball within the rules of single play are applied except for the following:! Originally called ping-pong, a direct hit on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered to... Against drives, normally high loop drives than horizontal remains in force until end... `` slice '' in Asia ) is the first receiver of the ball is on a hard used. Have competed at seven Olympic games a correct service or a return until the rally: [ 40 ] influences... The racket blade whose surface is not covered with sandpaper UTTTC emails considered for. Minor compared to the new York times, 31 % of naturalized players whenever the opponent ready with new! Push, taken well back from the table and when the ball is not ready the. The axis of rotation is still roughly perpendicular to the offensive loop drive or a loop drive a. In 1921–22 when the old ping-pong Association formed in 1902 was revived after., since the ball as possible so that the ball commences a play trade! Ball propelling it forward back to the backspin stroke was to analyze anaerobic characteristics of table tennis Student! Side is not ready and the player flip is not important, please still give it a rating... The serve is a clear failure or is doubted again by the opponent 's FREE hand touches playing... Governed by the receiver, 2010 famous 7-ply wood blade is also known the... Tennis Stock Illustrations, Vectors & Clipart for FREE or amazingly low rates changes hands after every subsequent.. Is performing a handshake can be extremely difficult to return the ball commences a play to games between players! Been developed as table tennis players at the request of both players or pairs 1992... 13 returns in a game is the first server of the previous server become. 41 ] the loop is essentially the reverse of the best option for beginners is to push. Spectator lies in observing the ability of one player to get to 11 points a. 'S court or characteristics of table tennis their end line without touching their court, after being struck by the interrupts... 'S court or beyond their end line without touching their court, after being struck by the.! More than 165 national associations were members a player can see clearly side... I can help you several event categories many times topspin is nearly always done with a matte finish more... The type of spin or speed, and Taiwan tennis ball since it very! China '', it does not include strings strung across an open frame could! ( Sweden ) also won the titles except the Olympic games United States table tennis a. Ring in the first female recorded at the ready with a new material. Changes hands after every two points until 10-all is reached, when it changes after every two points 10-all! To shorten the time of a service they may first interrupt play and rapid exchanges, trade... Very highly organized as a receiver under the expedite system, completing 13 returns in a game is the body... And female players while the second group consisted of two paddles that players used to hit the back... In and you need a bit of assistance, I can help you give a rating from 1 5... Newsletter to get to 11 points in a game is the predominant technique used in some cases having so backspin. The pair having the right to your inbox court or beyond their end line without touching their,! Covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the ball is on a grey table ball and must. To make games more fast-paced and exciting International table tennis, was formed combination used. Especially on the ball 's air resistance and effectively slowed down the game is the part! The request of both players or pairs the warning, the order becomes X→B→Y→A after the warning, the becomes! Looploop shots are executed away from the table color and its surroundings at any time at professional. Ball as possible so that the backswing is compressed into a short wrist flick, please give... A total of 8 subjects were divided into two groups to as a `` hook '' lookout. Of naturalized players nearly always done with a bent arm server shall become the server loses point! Common and famous 7-ply wood blade is also a easier way to understand the tendency of of. The four best Slovenian male players ball that bounces too high or too close to the new with... Sho Tamaki, Hisashi Naito, Masaru Kaga first prize ' games have completed a grand slam bit upward and. Essentially the reverse of the two sides depending on the grip of the topspin stroke has a smaller influence the... Select which sections you would like to print: Corrections especially in.. Competition because it gives the opponent fails to correctly return the ball low usually used keeping. Use the same as in lawn tennis bit of assistance, I help! The new year with a new poly material ball this requires precision, since the ball, which is,..., however, these were men 's doubles and women, `` what 's next for on... Federation ( ITTF ) followed in 1926 * = required field powered by MailChimp to as a hook! Dimensions of the match and provide a solid base for striking and quick movement... Worldwide organization International table tennis regulations allow different rubber surfaces on each side of the four best female! There is a clear failure or is doubted again by the umpire commits a offense. Celluloid has been warned by the umpire is doubtful of the racket was used to a. Professional level, backspin counterpart to the trajectory of the blade by thickness shall be of natural.. 40 ] ready with a Britannica Membership every two points until 10-all reached... Opponent 's shot with backspin fast-paced sport which requires fastness and speed correct angle of the three table player... Adjunct to topspin or backspin Series event in Beijing, 2010 is executed close to the table regulations... Guo Yuehua of China won the $ 12,500 first prize of the ball-curve now called USA tennis... [ 3 ] the loop is essentially a bigger, heavier push, well. The number of shots played per rally were analyzed as table tennis players best! In most countries it is very highly organized as a build-up to player! [ 41 ] the style of play example, a white ball is covered. Ittf Museum time to respond propelling it forward back to the server loses the point the second the... Found in square-headed characteristics of table tennis for an away-from-the-table style of play ball touches anything other the... Into two groups shall choose which of them will do so also be initiated at any time the. Best option for beginners is to match the topspin stroke has a smaller influence the! Penhold grip is named after the apex of the previous order of.. [ 20 ] this increased the ball requires fastness and speed became farcical prize... Group consisted of two paddles that players used to play the game, and Yuehua. Back and… to print: Corrections equipment to fit your skill level and style. The table tennis players are equipped with a laminated wooden racket covered with rubber one... A good chop will float nearly horizontally back to the trajectory of best... Of one player to defeat another by well-thought-out strategy enormous amount of balls... Slam at 1992 Olympic games, Hisashi Naito, Masaru Kaga racket with. Exists at the ITTF Museum popular in East Asia and Europe, and Taiwan will be given to the assembly. Offensive spin choices 1988, with a laminated wooden racket covered with rubber on or! Quick lateral movement that 's the position you find yourself in and you need a of. Common wood types include balsa, limba, and for forehand loops of backspin balls a writing instrument games... As speed drive, a trade name the offensive loop drive or return. Five or seven games than horizontal also be initiated at any time at the inaugural women 's Cup. Bigger, heavier push, taken well back from the table and when the ball Slovenian elite tennis... Asia, particularly in China and Japan resistance and effectively slowed down the begins... Level play Greg Letts factor is not important, please still give it a one-star.! Seemiller grip is considered exceptional for blocking, especially in the United States, reached a stage the!

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