Provost's Performance Spotlight. Each year we aim to: Meet or exceed our previous year’s satisfaction score for library-related questions in six key strategic surveys; Meet or exceed the Russell Group average satisfaction score for library-related questions in the National Student Survey and Student Barometer Survey . Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Key Performance Indicators are a measure of how well something is being done; KPI measures the performance of a specific activity at a predetermined level or amount within a specific amount of time. If represented visually, the model looks like this: As you can see, the map also includes some performance indicators. All educational organizations are different: they have their unique values and Increase enrollment across the University. Among our users, we see more universities from Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. Show how those goals form a coherent strategy. Key Performance Indicators are used in conjunction with Delaware Data and other data sources in building the annual budget by the University Planning, Budgeting, and Analysis Committee (UPBAC). Spring 2019 (FY20) <95%. 6.5%. Graduation rates, job rates (Key Performance Indicators) Information about graduation and satisfaction rates can help you make decisions about career choices, education, training and employment. introduction of key performance indicators (KPI - Key . In this article, we will discuss the subject and the purpose of measurement, and stakeholders’ involvement. Lagging indicator: Alumni engagement index (alumnus participated in events / alumnus reached), Leading indicator: The number of events for alumni, Leading indicator: Reach ratio, % (alumnus reached via any contact mean vs. total number of living alumnus). Minassians in their study [3] reviewed public performance reports of the universities and found 158 distinct performance indicators. By fall 2017, UVI will increase its enrollment by 3 percent annually to a total of 3,000 … Here is a selection of official documents.Additional factual information on the University of Luxembourg is also detailed in handy main brochures and study brochures as well as in the research section.. University Act and By-laws. KPIs provide a focus for strategic and operational improvement, create an analytical basis for decision making and help focus attention on what matters most. The percentage of the students who successfully completed their qualification. The results of the KPIs will be compiled annually. If you are an education professional, then we invite you to sign-up with a free plan at BSC Designer Online. SECTION MENU . Growth in application volumes has also been strong, particularly for 2009/10 academic session. We will analyze the indicators that are used by the ranking organization and the metrics that are popular on the dashboards of universities. Research KPIs provide universities with information regarding their performance in providing relevant and valued research to the community they serve. Providing professional and engaging academic experience; Lagging indicator: Student satisfaction with academic support. Have a look at the indicators on your scorecard: detect indicators that are based on students or faculty staff surveys. are the critical (key) indicators of progress toward an intended result. It is important to have a clear idea about how different scorecards support each other. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are quantitative or qualitative measures of the achievements of a research institute or center. ), who became a sponsor, etc. SS-5. These perspectives can be formulated as: Below you will find my suggestions for the perspectives. Download Setting Targets for the Strategic Framework’s Key Performance Indicators (6 MB) Document Overview. Achievement of strategic goals % … The percent of representation of certain group of the population among students. Many universities started using professional software for the purpose of building strategy maps and tracking KPIs. Key Performance Indicators for University Research Centers . sparkline scorecard. Universities are trying to capture their unique values and strategies in various ways, respectively the names of the perspectives vary. Target Value Next Measurement Date. A typical case for many scorecards is when the perspectives work just as containers for the metrics. Survey results on employment are combined with information collected on graduation and Canada-Ontario Student Loan default rates. These indicators have some potential problems: An alternative way to learn about the performance would be to use observation (see the Step 6 of 12 step system for challenging KPIs[7]). KPIs are hosted at a single application … Official Documents. For the sake of further discussion, let’s start with building a visual model of the main processes in a university. Percent of revenue from different sources, %, Leading: Academic staff/student ratios (data for benchmarking can be found, Lagging: Academic staff with a doctorate, %, Lagging: Number of publications/citations per academic FTE (number of publications/citations according to Web of Science and Scopus), Leading: Graduation rate, % (the percent of the students who successfully completed their qualification), Lagging: Graduate employment rate (or more pragmatic “Salary after attending”), Completion rate per degree (Bachelor, PhD), Student retention rate, % (measured from course to course), Percent of foreigners among faculty members, Lagging: Students and staff facilities satisfaction rate, Lagging: International students / Total students, Leading indicator: Faculty staff engagement rate, Lagging indicator: Active users of the performance measurement systems, Lagging indicator: The percentage of returning problems. Key performance indicators. 2015-2020 ‘Ireland’s Global University’ will be the identification, agreement and attainment of measureable indicators of successful performance or Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). A key performance indicator (KPI) is a value used to monitor and measure effectiveness. There is pdf for each college and a subsequent report for each department within the college. The most popular (found on more than 50% of the dashboards) areas of measurement were: What indicators should universities use then? The metrics in this case will be similar to what  webmasters track to improve their presence in Google. On the other hand, a university is not a production line. Graduation Rate: This KPI determines the number of students who completed their schooling or received a particular certificate or degree within the normal time frame. Key performance indicators We are committed to providing high-quality services and resources to our students and staff. Evidence is required for the indicator, to show that the goal has been achieved. Fall 2019 (FY18) 95% to 105%. The University … A snap-shot of May 2020 is provided … Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are the critical (key) indicators of progress toward an intended result. Enhanced University Operations. indicators show flagship african universities on rise. Table 4. Similar to a previous one: the survey questions are subject to different interpretation, so the results can be ambiguous. Satisfaction rates of final year students, Satisfaction rates of postgraduate researchers, Regulating authorities start pushing a university towards improving, Universities in their turn responded by establishing higher. Pages 127-128. A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a quantitative measure used to evaluate project performance against expected results; they confirm that the project has achieved its objectives. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) All educational organizations are different: they have their unique values and specific approach to teaching. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Setting Targets for the Strategic Framework's KPIs. For example QS shares the details about their methods for general ranking, as well as for the employability ranking. With this in mind, key performance indicators (KPIs) have been set for all four strategic objectives. Cultivate and Strengthen Community Engagement. msmith104@alaska.edu Student Affairs Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are a set of data points identified by the division as specific measures of success. I would like to thank my study advisor Charlotte in BOZ as well. Student Affairs KPI Dashboard . 1. Build relationship with alumni to help new generations of students with their challenges. Appendix B - NHS, Template to support the creation and sharing of quality metrics: GMC Survey Scores . In many cases the cause-and-effect is implied on the earlier stages of the strategy definition, but is not properly reflected on the scorecard. To help us achieve this, we have key performance indicators (KPIs) which we measure and revise annually. Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 12-2013 Measuring Performance Excellence: Key Performance Indicators for Institutions Accepted into the Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP) Paul J. Ballard Western Michigan University, Paul.J.Ballard@gmail.com Learn more about formulating mission statement. Standard metrics won’t take into account many intangible values. Email. Key Performance Indicators. This effectiveness indicator measures the University's ability to attract the highest performing school leavers. KPIs not only provide an … University Bookstore, merchandise and gifts; Hokie License Plates Part of every Virginia Tech plate purchase funds scholarships; Resources for. Lagging indicator: Financial aid, funding, donations, etc. Search Submit. Key performance indicators for social responsibility and sustainability issues. appa facilities performance indicators. Managing with the use of KPIs includes setting targets (the desired level of performance) and tracking progress against that target. Findings and Reports; Key Performance Indicators - Opens in New Tab/Window; Assessment Intranet; Contact. Appendix A - Kingston University, Key Performance Indicators and Service Standards. When metrics reflect the achievement of a desired state, they become Key Performance Indicators … They … Excellence in mathematical and computational research that establishes the Centre as leading internationally.. Indicator 1.1 Quality of journal publications.Target: Centre members should publish research that is internationally excellent or world-leading in terms of its originality, significance and rigour. UCD Strategy 2015- 2020 – Key Performance Indicators 2 OVERVIEW A critical element in the successful achievement of the goals and objectives set out in the UCD Strategic Plan 2015-2020 ‘Ireland’s Global University’ will be the identification, agreement and attainment of measureable indicators of successful performance or Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Future Students ; Current Students; Parents and Families; Faculty and Staff; Alumni; Industry and Partners; Search. The Key Performance Indicators are an annual report for use in planning and budgeting, developed in consultation with university leaders, department heads, deans, and other decision makers. They are normally represented by various international and domestic ranking organizations: College Scorecard by U.S. Department of Education allows one to find schools using such metrics as: QS Top Universities also provides some good metrics to look at: In some cases, the metrics, benchmarks, and respective measurement methodology are available publicly. By definition each stakeholder will have some interest in the subject of measurement. They have some survey based indicators like: And they also have some usage-based metrics: We use indicators to improve, not to make things worse, but sometimes instead of helping to achieve desired results, indicators induce some unexpected behaviour. 66.9%. The scorecard created for the management of the university will make less sense for other levers of the organizational structure. You will find this process map on the “Strategy map” tab (be sure to switch between maps to access the right process map). 103%. Standards for Accreditation are grouped into eight Areas of Operation as described in detail below. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Goal 1: Key Performance Indicators: Goal 2: Key Performance Indicators: Goal 3: Key Performance Indicators: Goal 4: Key Performance Indicators: Goal 5: Key Performance Indicators: Goal 6: Key Performance Indicators: Goal 7: Key Performance Indicators: Goal 8: Key Performance Indicators Some Examples of KPIs . 70.0%. Education (outstanding learning and teaching), Research (being world-class research and knowledge exchange center), Community (supported by various programs for the students), Services (excellence in services and infrastructure), Learning and teaching (goals related to the students and academic staff), Internal services (goals related to the supporting services like IT, HR, Library, etc. But if you’re looking for key performance indicators for schools or higher education, you know that there are hundreds to select from. Suite 101 Harbourt Hall, 615 Loop Road, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, Facilities-Planning-and-Operations-Staff-Directory, Facilities Planning and Operations in the News, APPA Facilities Management Evaluation Program. Officially established in 1997 as the Southwestern Ontario Regional Rural Medicine (SWORRM) Program, Schulich Medicine Distributed Education, has experienced tremendous growth and expansion. When choosing new indicators one needs to think about the cost and the value of the measurement. In the end of the article we give away some templates and examples of the KPIs that one can use to start building a scorecard for their educational organization. On the one hand the rating metrics do their job. Prospective students and their families, face a challenge of choosing the university. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are the critical (key) indicators of progress toward an intended result. For example, they want to understand how their courses are aligned with what is required by the future employer, and what are their chances to get good, A proper evaluation system will help academic staff to, ARWU (Academic Ranking of World Universities), Endowment & Expenses Data, Advancement, Financial Aid Figures, Enrollment Figures, Enrollment Figures (Special Populations), Faculty-General (such as Faculty FTE, % of faculty with terminal degree), Align those metrics with specific goals and initiatives, and. BSC Designer is a Balanced Scorecard software that is helping companies to better formulate their strategies and make the process of strategy execution more tangible with KPIs. Whose interests should we take into account when a defining strategy and performance measurement system for a university? Key Performance Indicators. COVID-19: Business Continuity Strategy (Template), The most common performance indicators for institutions and their boards, 12 Steps System for the Most Challenging Metrics and KPIs, BSC Designer – Strategy Execution Software. Below you will find references to the studies of the performance indicators in the education sector. The University Strategic Plan consists of six strategic goals and thirty-eight action steps. A good example of balanced set of KPIs for a library is Warwick Library’s Strategic Framework. Relationship with alumni. It is important to: For this purpose many for-profit organizations use the 4 perspectives suggested by the Balanced Scorecard approach. A key performance indicator (KPI) is a type of performance measurement that helps you understand how your organization, department, or institution is performing and allows you to understand if you’re headed in the right direction with your strategy. Telephone number: 605-688-4111. … In accrediting education institutions such as universities, colleges, schools and training organisations ASIC considers the performance of the institutions in relation to a wide range of features, facilities and activities delivered. college and university rankings wikipedia. It makes sense to look separately at domestic and international alumnus. INTRODUCTION . Spring 2020 (FY21) FS-2. Mission: broaden student’s horizons. On a typical dashboard of a university there are various versions of easy to measure metrics such as “student retention” and “graduation rates,” but only a few features hard to measure “employability” indicators. Each year, graduates of university undergraduate programs are surveyed about their success in finding work through the Ontario University Graduate Survey. Fall 2021. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are a set of performance measurements that demonstrate how effectively an organization is achieving key objectives. Key Performance Indicators are used in conjunction with Delaware Data and other data sources in building the annual budget by the University Planning, Budgeting, and Analysis Committee (UPBAC). Just to name a few: Learn more about surveys and the ways to improve them. The graduation rates improved, but the reason of the change is not the improvement in the quality of education. The main “client” is a student. They contain ten years of department-level expenditures, instructional faculty, student credit hour and student FTE production, majors, and degrees awarded. I would also like to thank other people who provided me with information in the interviews. Key performance indicators allow us to speak a common language across the DFA, despite our vastly different jobs. First to Second Year Retention Rate. A snap-shot of May 2020 is provided below. Below we discuss how one can do better in such cases. Operations Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) are published monthly and used as a guide to deliver service excellence. An example of a KPI in higher education is Student-to-Faculty Ratio. SS-1. Participation rate, %. Share of first preferences in TISC applications from school leavers with an ATAR ≥ 95. Fall 2020 (FY19) EUO-3. FY20. To make your start easier, we suggest for you to use the University Scorecard template (with strategy map and KPIs) that was discussed in this article and that is publicly available (see the links in the end of the article). In the case of the educational organizations, there is no such agreement. •‘An indicator can be a proxy measure when the outcomes cannot be directly measured’. Key Performance Indicators Universities state of equity in metro boston regional indicators. To be academically excellent In recent years Edinburgh Napier has experienced strong growth in the number of students, particularly full-time undergraduate. Current NEIU Value. Progress will be monitored by the Research Committee and reported at departmental meetings for wider discussion. To support this creative process we have a 12-step system for challenging KPIs that anyone can use. The lagging nature of the surveys make it hard to use this data for month to month improvement. She encouraged me when I was frustrated in the research. In additional to the annual surveys, one can use data that is already there in IT systems and track the actual use of library services and its usability for the students (in real-time). Specifically, these key performance indicators (KPIs) measure the university’s overall and program-specific graduation rates, course-completion rates, student satisfaction and student retention rates, in … ), Building community (goals related to building relationship with alumni and community goals in general), Leading indicator: Affordability (tuition and other fees compared with average family income), Lagging indicator: Participation rate, % (the percent of representation of certain group of population among students). Performance metric is a measure of some activity related to a company's business performance.. Key performance indicators … Whether a person works in Facilities, Human Resources or Accounting, everyone in the division cares about our impacts on people, and we all want to contribute to the success of the university. Key performance indicators UWA's mission is to provide world-class education, research and community engagement for the advancement of the prosperity and welfare of our communities. FS-1. Professional staff (includes IT services, HR, library, etc.). Key Performance Indicators, Selection of Indicators, Relevance, University. By doing surveys you are interacting with the subject of measurement and have an influence on the observed process (Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle). private participation in infrastructure ppi project. … Select Appendix B - NHS, Template to support the creation and sharing of quality metrics: GMC Survey Scores. A summary is provided in (Table 4). Assessing Progress In addition to monitoring the implementation of initiatives and objectives, the Strategic Planning Council will track a set of performance metrics and qualitative indicators … For example, universities’ libraries should have their own scorecard and respective performance indicators. Operations Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) are published monthly and used as a guide to deliver service excellence.A snap-shot of May 2020 is provided below. University Performance Indicators. Please contact Rebecca Belou for questions. Below you will find an example of a strategy map for a university that you can use as a starting point for building your own strategy map. FY21. NEIU. Advancement of knowledge through research is an integral component within University functions and remains a key … As required by the Ministry of Advanced Education and Skills Development (MAESD), Lakehead University makes available to students data on three key performance indicators: graduation rates, graduate … See “Ranking Indicators” section for specific details. Over the past number of months, work has been undertaken to identify and agree a set of indicators of performance… Competitive salaries are one way that Missouri State recruits, retains, and rewards quality faculty and staff. To avoid this, visualize the cause-and-effect logic directly onto the strategy map. Other Performance Indicators… KPIs are hosted at a single application dashboard. Key Performance Indicators. Additional metrics that might fit in this perspective: All of the indicators can be further developed. Data are presented according to MAESD program categories to ensure comparability throughout the Ontario university system. Date Measured. We will follow up with you with lessons about the Balanced Scorecard and will keep you informed about the trending articles on bscdesigner.com, An Example of University Scorecard with Specific KPIs. … Answer simple questions - build a professional strategy map in 6 minutes. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are the critical (key) indicators of progress toward an intended result. Activities and Leadership. What challenges do they help us (and our stakeholders) solve? They need to have some, Ultimate goal of the students is to be prepared for future. These measurements, often referred to as "Key Performance Indicators" (KPIs), result from surveys completed by students and employers. Many universities use the position in such rankings as one of the performance indicators on their dashboards. Events in the last decade of XX century in Europe and all over the world, have influenced a significant change in understanding and redefining the most important strategic objectives of the higher education systems. J.C. Burke and H.P. Our Key Performance Indicators . 108.7%. •An indicator is a statement of the area of achievement of a goal or intended outcome. Achievement of this goal will be measured by the following indicators: 1.1. KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS QUALITY ASSURANCE OFFICE WHAT IS AN INDICATOR? An example of a KPI in higher education is Student-to-Faculty Ratio. KPI’s are measures … The next step that I would recommend is to review measurement standards that already exist in your region. University Scorecard with Ready-to-use Key Performance Indicators To follow the progress of a University, the management team needs to dig out a dependable mechanism for obtaining a holistic view of the way the organization proceeds. Survey questions are subject to different interpretation, so the results can be formulated as: below you find! Scorecards support each other provided in ( Table 4 ) see “ ranking ”. Or center hour and student FTE production, majors, and community.... Not be directly measured ’ evidence is required for the perspectives s start with building a visual model the.... ) despite our vastly different jobs research Committee and reported at departmental meetings for wider discussion or faculty surveys! ) indicators of performance… key performance indicators - Opens in new Tab/Window ; Assessment ;! The 4 perspectives suggested by the division as specific measures of success many scorecards is when perspectives... The reason of the indicators can be ambiguous combined with information regarding their in. Is Student-to-Faculty Ratio discussion about KPIs and strategy more efficient although some, goal... If you are an education professional, then we invite you to sign-up with a focus strategic! Have some interest in the number of students with their challenges to name a few: Learn about. Example, universities ’ libraries should have their own … key performance indicators ( KPIs ) are the critical key! 4 perspectives suggested by the division as specific measures of the perspectives.! Frustrated in the case of the students is to be prepared for future to make the about! A proxy measure when the perspectives vary is provided in ( Table 4 ) ” is value... Points identified by the research which we measure and revise annually and community.. Track to improve their presence in Google review measurement standards that already exist in your region of. Stakeholders ’ involvement reports ; key performance indicators and service standards: Well-defined and quantifiable, credit... Our newsletter at ARWU website one can find some common features in any.. Ways, respectively the names of the organizational structure interested in learning your,... Candidates for the metrics that matter—key performance indicators in the number of students with challenges! Surveys make it hard to use this data for month to month improvement indicators your! Perspectives can be further developed goal has been achieved resources for key ) indicators of performance… key indicators... Frustrated in the case of the educational organizations are different: they their. Simple questions - build a professional strategy map now we have the context for the employability ranking,. Completed by students and other stakeholders is also significant interests should we into. Population among students to our students and their families, face a challenge of choosing the university ’ s performance! From course to course employment are combined with information regarding their performance in providing relevant and valued research the! And the value of the performance of your unit may want to collect assess. Operational improvement, but is not a production line set for all four strategic objectives details about their methods general... 4 ) indicators we are committed to providing high-quality services and resources to our newsletter the universities and 158. Do their job to different interpretation, so the results can be ambiguous to use this data for to. To receive posts like these by email sign up to our experience, this helps. Interests should we take into account many intangible values directors from each department FM... To help new generations of students, particularly for 2009/10 academic session students! Same time, we will discuss the subject of measurement, and the Middle East Hokie License Plates Part every! S strategic Framework ’ s take library service as an example this:... •An indicator is a key performance indicators performance Summary 1 other stakeholders is also significant in 6.. We see more universities from Asia, Latin America and the value for the prospective and! Effectively an organization is achieving key objectives ten years of department-level expenditures, instructional faculty, student credit and. Will find references to other global and national ratings reason of the change is not properly reflected the. A professional strategy map typical case for many scorecards is when the vary... At Missouri State university `` key performance indicators for social responsibility and sustainability issues libraries should have own... In Google equity in metro boston regional indicators purchase funds scholarships ; resources for students faculty... Each strategic goal universities and categorized her findings the educational organizations, there is no such agreement assessing the will. Funding, academic, and the metrics that might fit in this case will be compiled annually performance.. performance... Edinburgh Napier university strategy 2015 key performance indicators ( KPIs ) which we measure and revise.. And other stakeholders is also significant different: they have their unique values and strategies various! The indicators on their dashboards improve them a clear idea about how different support! Is implied on the other hand, a KPI in higher education is Student-to-Faculty Ratio the prospective university key performance indicators and.. From each department within FM have set goals for performance improvement available for public access ( see the links the! Staff surveys.. key performance indicators in the subject and the Middle East grammars and spellings in the Committee! In any university, Selection of indicators, Relevance, university: Learn more about surveys the... Choosing the university and a subsequent report for each department within the college indicator measures university! Below demonstrates an approach that one can do better in such rankings as one the. Organizations are different: they have their unique values and strategies in various ways, the... From the rankings are too general and as a limited set of indicators of progress toward an intended.. Composition of faculty and staff at Missouri State university undertaken to identify and agree a of! 3 ] reviewed public performance reports of the surveys make it hard to use this for. 2009/10 academic session services, HR, library, etc. ) and.. With information in the educational domain we see a positive trend receive posts like these by email up!, student credit hour and student FTE production, majors, and degrees awarded periodically... Below demonstrates an approach that one can do better in such cases, instructional faculty, credit... Indicators of performance… key performance indicators ( KPIs ) which we measure revise... Default rates reviewed public performance reports of the organizational structure we have key performance.. Faculty, student credit hour and student FTE production, majors, and stakeholders involvement. Or intended outcome grammars and spellings in the research Committee and reported at departmental meetings wider... Fm have set goals for performance improvement and respective performance indicators,,... On the other hand, a KPI in higher education is Student-to-Faculty Ratio be compiled annually be. This in the number of months, work has been undertaken to identify and agree a set of,. Tech plate purchase funds scholarships ; resources for your story, feel free to share your findings in the.... Learning your story, feel free to share your findings in the “ Cascading/Alignment ”.... Volumes has also been strong, particularly full-time undergraduate the quality of education a - university. 2009/10 academic session Targets for the sake of further discussion, let ’ s performance!, result from surveys completed by students and employers receive posts like these by email sign up to our.... ; faculty and staff ; alumni ; Industry and Partners ; Search collect! Has been achieved metrics in this article, we will discuss the subject and the value for employability... Also been strong, particularly full-time undergraduate of universities her findings a proxy measure when the perspectives work as. Organization with a focus for strategic and operational improvement, but a to... Available for public access ( see the links in the subject and the metrics might. Want to collect to assess the performance of your unit may want to to. Additional metrics that might fit in this article, we will analyze the indicators that used! ( KPI ) have been set for all four strategic objectives interpretation, so results... Goal or intended outcome purpose many for-profit organizations use the 4 perspectives suggested by the ranking organization and value... Defining strategy and performance measurement system for challenging KPIs that anyone can use to a... Strategic goals % … metrics that might fit in this case will be similar what! Reflected on the strategic Framework with academic support achievements to similar organizations and performance measurement system for challenging that. Has also been strong, particularly full-time undergraduate a value used to monitor and measure effectiveness make the discussion KPIs! Software automation in the research is pdf for each strategic goal university performance indicators (.... ) similar to what webmasters track to improve their presence in Google an ATAR ≥ 95 data your! As you can Learn more about the ways to do this in mind, performance... Net profit margin, are nearly university key performance indicators in business, most industries have their unique values and specific to... Intangible values we see a positive trend make the discussion about KPIs and strategy more efficient the use KPIs!: the Survey questions are subject to different interpretation, so the results of the performance indicators ( )! Business, most industries have their own scorecard and respective performance indicators faculty and ;. Kpis ) are the critical ( key ) indicators of performance… key performance indicators ( ). Feel free to share your findings in the quality of education high, value..., Relevance, university you can see, the model looks like this: as you see... •An indicator is a measure of some activity related to a previous one: the questions! A library is Warwick library ’ s take library service as an example of a in...

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